Understanding Varicose Veins: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

by Dr Arun A Kumar, Senior Specialist - Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Aster RV Hospital

Varicose veins are a common condition that affects the veins, usually in the legs, causing them to become enlarged, twisted, and bulging. They occur when the valves within the veins fail to function properly, leading to blood pooling and increased pressure within the affected veins.

While varicose veins are often considered a cosmetic concern, they can also cause discomfort, pain, and other complications. Fortunately, various treatment options are available to manage and treat varicose veins effectively.

Causes of Varicose Veins

Age and Genetics

As we age, the natural wear and tear on vein valves can lead to their dysfunction. Additionally, a family history of varicose veins increases the likelihood of developing this condition.

Prolonged Standing or Sitting

Occupations that require long periods of standing or sitting can put additional pressure on the veins, hindering blood flow and increasing the risk of varicose veins.

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy and menopause can weaken vein walls and valves, making women more susceptible to varicose veins.

Obesity

Excess weight puts added pressure on the veins, impairing their ability to transport blood efficiently and potentially leading to the development of varicose veins.

When is procedure for Varicose Vein required?

Treatment for varicose veins is typically recommended when the symptoms and complications associated with them become bothersome or when they significantly impact an individual's quality of life. Some common indications for varicose vein procedures include:

Pain and Discomfort

When varicose veins cause persistent pain, throbbing, aching, or cramping in the legs, treatment may be advised to alleviate these symptoms.

Swelling and Inflammation

Varicose veins can lead to swelling, inflammation, and a feeling of heaviness in the affected leg. Treatment may be considered to reduce these symptoms.

Skin Changes

Skin discoloration, rashes, dryness, and itchiness around the varicose veins can indicate the need for treatment to prevent further skin complications.

Ulcers and Bleeding

In rare cases, varicose veins can develop ulcers or skin sores, which are often difficult to heal. Additionally, if the veins are prone to bleeding, medical intervention may be required.

Treatment options for Varicose Veins

Several treatment options are available for varicose veins, depending on the severity and specific needs of the patient. These procedures aim to relieve symptoms, improve appearance, and prevent complications. Here are some commonly used treatments:

Lifestyle Changes

Simple lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding prolonged periods of standing or sitting, and elevating the legs can alleviate symptoms and prevent further progression.

Compression Stockings

Wearing compression stockings provides external pressure that helps improve blood circulation and reduces discomfort associated with varicose veins.

Endo-venous Laser Ablation (EVLA)

EVLA is a minimally invasive treatment that uses laser energy to heat and seal off the affected vein. It is effective for larger varicose veins can be performed under local anesthesia.

Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)

Similar to EVLA, RFA involves using heat energy to close off the damaged vein. A catheter with a radiofrequency device is inserted into the vein to achieve this.

Ambulatory Phlebectomy

This surgical procedure involves making tiny incisions over the varicose veins and removing them through these small cuts. Ambulatory phlebectomy is suitable for larger varicose veins close to the surface of the skin.

Sclerotherapy

This procedure involves injecting a solution directly into the affected vein, causing it to close and eventually fade away. Sclerotherapy is commonly used for smaller varicose veins and spider veins.

Remember, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding prolonged periods of inactivity, can play a significant role in preventing or managing varicose veins. Taking proactive steps to care for your vascular health can go a long way in ensuring your overall well-being and quality of life.