Vaginal And Vulvar Cancers -The Lesser-Known Gynaecologic Cancers

by Dr. Milind Shetti - Consultant- Radiation Oncologist- HCG NMR Cancer Centre, Hubli
 
As outlined in the Interim Budget 2024, the government is prioritizing vaccination against cervical cancer for girls aged 9 to 14. This initiative underscores the ongoing efforts to combat cancer, particularly in addressing well-known adversaries like cervical and breast malignancies. However, amidst these crucial strides, it's imperative to also shed light on the lesser-known gynaecologic cancers: vulvar and vaginal cancers. Despite their rarity, these conditions demand our attention and understanding to ensure early diagnosis, effective care, and positive outcomes.
 
The silent killers:
Often overlooked, vulvar and vaginal cancers have a significant impact despite their less prominent status compared to their more prevalent counterparts. Vaginal cancer begins in the vaginal lining, whereas vulvar cancer appears in the external genitalia, which includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal entrance. Due to their mild symptoms, discovery is often delayed, which highlights how important it is to maintain increased awareness and vigilance.
 
Educate the people:
Educating patients about these less-known gynaecologic malignancies is essential for early intervention. Raising awareness through educational programs, seminars, and community outreach equips individuals with the knowledge to identify warning signs promptly and seek medical help.
 
Identifying warning signs:
It's essential to educate patients about symptoms that require medical attention. Persistent itching, pain, tenderness, bleeding, changes in skin color, and the development of lumps or ulcers in the vulvar area may indicate vulvar cancer. Likewise, unusual vaginal bleeding, pain during intercourse, and a watery vaginal discharge could signal vaginal cancer. Encouraging open communication with patients about these symptoms can facilitate timely interventions.
 
The earlier, the better:
For vulvar and vaginal malignancies, early detection is crucial for maximizing prognosis and treatment results. Abnormalities can be found early on with routine pelvic examinations and screenings. Biopsies and imaging studies provide conclusive diagnoses that help in effective treatment strategies.
 
Risk Factors and Preventive Measures:
Early detection and prevention of vaginal and vulvar malignancies require understanding associated risk factors like HPV infection, smoking, weakened immune systems, recurrent cervical cancer, and chronic skin issues. Encouraging preventive measures such as HPV vaccination, regular exams, smoking cessation, and healthy lifestyles can reduce disease incidence and improve well-being.
 
Comprehensive care and support:
Providing holistic care for vulvar and vaginal cancer patients goes beyond medical treatment. Emotional support, psychological counselling, and addressing intimacy concerns are crucial aspects of their journey. It's essential to address not only the physical aspects but also the emotional and social challenges they may face.
 
Through raising awareness, advocating early detection, and providing comprehensive care, we can address these issues head-on and ultimately enhance their quality of life.